A new supercomputer in Germany has achieved a processing speed of one quintillion calculations per second, marking a significant milestone for European artificial intelligence capabilities. The Jupiter supercomputer, located at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre in North Rhine-Westphalia, is powered by 24,000 Nvidia chips and represents Europe’s first entry into the highest tier of supercomputing for AI training.
For years, the top ranks of supercomputing have been dominated by the United States and China, with Europe largely reliant on foreign infrastructure for cutting-edge AI work. Jupiter changes this dynamic. The machine is the flagship project of the European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking, or EuroHPC, a multi-year initiative funded by the European Union and member states to build sovereign computing capacity.
During a preliminary test, Jupiter recorded 793.4 Petaflop/s, placing it fourth on the global Top 500 list of supercomputers. Only three machines are faster: the US Department of Energy’s El Capitan, Frontier, and Aurora—all American.
This gap in performance has been a strategic concern for Europe, as training large AI models requires enormous computing power that was previously only available outside the continent. Jupiter is specifically designed for AI training, a shift from older supercomputers that focused primarily on simulations such as weather modeling, physics, and drug discovery. While Jupiter can perform those tasks as well, its architecture is optimized for the parallel processing required by modern AI applications.
This allows European researchers to train large language models, computer vision systems, and other AI tools without sending their data abroad. Data sovereignty is a particularly sensitive issue in Europe under the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which restricts the transfer of personal data outside the EU.
For AI companies, training models on American or Chinese supercomputers has meant navigating complex legal frameworks. Jupiter eliminates this problem for many projects, keeping both the data and computing power within Europe. The timing of Jupiter’s launch is significant. China has been rapidly building state-backed supercomputing projects, often with less transparency, raising concerns about data privacy, intellectual property, and military applications.
Europe needed to act to avoid continued dependence on foreign AI infrastructure. Jupiter is one machine and does not solve every problem.
Europe still lags behind the US and China in total computing capacity. However, the supercomputer signals Europe’s intent to compete in the AI race. The machine is now operational, with initial tests confirming its performance and researchers beginning to use it.
The work is just starting.
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